{"id":2000,"date":"2023-11-24T22:52:20","date_gmt":"2023-11-24T22:52:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kenes-rakishev.net\/?p=2000"},"modified":"2024-04-20T17:47:37","modified_gmt":"2024-04-20T17:47:37","slug":"kazakhstan-anti-corruption-sanctions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kenes-rakishev.net\/ko\/kazakhstan-anti-corruption-sanctions\/","title":{"rendered":"\uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \ubd80\ud328 \ubc29\uc9c0 \uc81c\uc7ac"},"content":{"rendered":"

\uc774 \ud1a0\ub860\uc744 \ud5c8\ub77d\ud574 \uc8fc\uc2e0 \uc758\uc7a5\ub2d8\uacfc \uc774 \uc790\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ud568\uaed8 \ud574\uc8fc\uc2e0 \uc7a5\uad00\ub2d8\uaed8 \uac10\uc0ac\ub4dc\ub9bd\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub610\ud55c \uc800\ub97c \ub3c4\uc640\uc900 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc0ac\ud68c \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c\ub3c4 \uac10\uc0ac\ub4dc\ub9ac\uba70, \uc77c\uc77c\uc774 \uc5f4\uac70\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\uc744 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ub9ce\uc9c0\ub9cc \ud2b9\ud788 \uc5d1\uc11c\ud130 \ub300\ud559\uad50\uc758 \uc874 \ud788\ub354\uc1fc \uad50\uc218, \uc678\uad50\uc815\ucc45\uc13c\ud130\uc758 \uc544\ub2f4 \ud5c8\uadf8, \ubd80\ud328\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc2a4\ud3ec\ud2b8\ub77c\uc774\ud2b8\uc758 \uc218 \ud558\uc6b8\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \uac10\uc0ac\uc758 \ub9d0\uc500\uc744 \uc804\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc774\ubc88 \uc8fc \ucd08 \uc678\ubb34\uc7a5\uad00\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\uc7ac \uccb4\uc81c\ub97c \uac15\ud654\ud558\ub294 \ud658\uc601\ud560 \ub9cc\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ubc1c\ud45c\ud588\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uad6d\ub0b4\uc758 \ubd88\ubc95 \uae08\uc735\uacfc \ud574\uc678\uc758 \ubd80\ud328\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc11c \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uae30 \uc804\uc5d0 \uc7a0\uc7ac\uc801\uc778 \uad70\uc0ac \uc704\uae30\ub97c \uae30\ub2e4\ub824\uc11c\ub294 \uc548 \ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc9c0\uae08 \ub2f9\uc7a5 \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uace0 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uac00\uc9c4 \uad8c\ud55c\uc744 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc624\ub298 \uc81c\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud574\uc678 \ubd80\ud328\ub97c \uc870\uba85\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubd80\ub044\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc798\ubabb\uc744 \uc870\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574, \uc601\uad6d\uc740 \ub3c4\ub451\uc9c8\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\uac00 \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc694\uccad\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubd80\uc815\ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc81c\uc7ac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud589\ub3d9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8, \ub2e4\uc74c \ud68c\uae30\uc5d0 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc94\uc8c4 \ubc95\uc548\uc744 \uc0c1\uc815\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c \ub9cc\ud07c, \ubc95\uc548\uc758 \uc870\ud56d\uc774 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud569\ud558\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uba70 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc801\uc808\ud55c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uad6d\uc774 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub3c8\uc758 \uc7ac\uc559\uacfc \uc2f8\uc6b0\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc9c4\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub178\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub2e4\ubbfc\uc871, \uc790\uc6d0\uc774 \ud48d\ubd80\ud55c \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uad6d\uac00\uc778 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc774 \uc18c\ub828 \ud574\uccb4 \ud6c4 \ub3c5\ub9bd\ud55c \uc9c0 30\ub144\uc774 \uc9c0\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8 \uae30\uac04 \ub3d9\uc548 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc9c0\ud45c\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uc131\uacf5\uc744 \uac70\ub450\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 GDP \uc131\uc7a5\ub960\uc740 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub97c \ube44\ub86f\ud55c \ub9ce\uc740 \uc774\uc6c3 \uad6d\uac00\ub4e4\uc758 \uc131\uc7a5\ub960\uc744 \uc55e\uc9c8\ub800\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc0dd\ud65c \uc218\uc900\uc740 \ub354 \ub192\uc544\uc84c\uace0 2010\ub144\ub300\uae4c\uc9c0 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \uc815\uce58\uc801 \uc548\uc815\uc744 \ub204\ub9ac\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \ub610 \ub2e4\ub978 \uce21\uba74\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ub098\ub77c\ub294 \uad6d\ubbfc\ub4e4\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \ud6d4\uce5c \ub3c8\uc73c\ub85c \ubd80\uc790\uac00 \ub41c \ub3c4\ub451\uc9c8 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc774 \ud1b5\uce58\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2019\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ub3c5\uc7ac\uc790\ub294 \ub204\ub974\uc220\ud0c4 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc600\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ub2e8 162\uba85\uc774 551\uc870 3\ucc9c\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc758 \ubd80\ub97c \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \uac00\uc871\uc774\ub098 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uce21\uadfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc740 \uc778\uad8c \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \uc5f4\uc545\ud558\uace0 \uc5b8\ub860\uc758 \uc790\uc720\uac00 \uac70\uc758 \uc5c6\ub294 \ub098\ub77c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2006\ub144 \ucd08, \ud074\ub9b0\ud134 \ud589\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc804 \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95 \uc9d1\ud589 \ub2f4\ub2f9 \uad6d\ubb34\ubd80 \ucc28\uad00\ubcf4 \uc870\ub098\ub2e8 \uc704\ub108\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\uc790\uc720 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub9cc\ud07c \uc545\uba85 \ub192\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4... \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\ud328\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 15\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\".  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \ubd80\ud328\ub97c \ub208\uac10\uace0 \ubb34\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc815\uad8c\uc774 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub3c8\uc744 \uc138\ud0c1\ud558\uace0 \uc4f0\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ub3c4\uc654\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc138 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc0ac\ub840\uac00 \uc81c \uacac\ud574\ub97c \ub4b7\ubc1b\uce68\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2008\ub144\ubd80\ud130 2015\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0, \uc601\uad6d\uc740 1\ub4f1\uae09 \ud22c\uc790\uc790 \uc81c\ub3c4\uc758 \uc774\uc6a9\uc790\uac00 \ub2e4\uc12f \ubc88\uc9f8\ub85c \ub9ce\uc740 \uad6d\uac00\uc778 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc808\ub3c4\ubc94 205\uba85\uc5d0\uac8c \ud669\uae08 \ube44\uc790\ub97c \ubc1c\uae09\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub3c8\uc73c\ub85c \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc815\ucc29\ud558\uac8c \ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc \ucc44\ud140 \ud558\uc6b0\uc2a4 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc774 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 5\uc5b5 \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc \uc774\uc0c1\uc758 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ub098\ud0c0\ub0ac\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uc911 \uc57d 3\uc5b5 3\ucc9c\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\ub294 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \uc0ac\uc704\uac00 \ud76c\ub9dd\uac00\ubcf4\ub2e4 300\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc \ub192\uc740 1,500\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uc5d0 \ub9e4\uc785\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \uc11c\ub2dd\ud790 \uacf5\uc6d0\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uc5ec \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \ub300\uac00\uc871\uc774 \uc18c\uc720\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc870\uc9c1\ubc94\uc8c4 \ubc0f \ubd80\ud328 \ubcf4\uace0 \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8\ub294 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uac00 \ud638\ud154\ubd80\ud130 \uc740\ud589\uae4c\uc9c0 \ub2e4\uc591\ud55c \ubd84\uc57c\uc5d0 \ud22c\uc790\ud55c \ucd5c\uc18c 1\uc870 4,780\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc758 \uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud55c 4\uac1c\uc758 \uc790\uc120 \uc7ac\ub2e8\uc744 \ube44\ubc00\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ud1b5\uc81c\ud558\ub294 \ubc29\ubc95\uc744 \ubc1d\ud600\ub0c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc740 2020\ub144\uc5d0 \uc124\ub9bd\ub41c \uc601\uad6d \uc0c1\uc7a5 \uc9c0\uc8fc\ud68c\uc0ac \uc8fc\uc0b0 \ud14c\ud06c\ub180\ub85c\uc9c0\uc2a4\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc77c\ubd80 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc9c0\ubc30\uce35\uc5d0\uac8c \uad6d\uacbd, \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0 \uc2dc\uc7a5, \uae08\uc735 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uac1c\ubc29\ud558\uc5ec \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \ubd88\ubc95\uc801\uc778 \ubd80\ub97c \uc138\ud0c1\ud558\uace0 \uc18c\ube44\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud5c8\uc6a9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub354 \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \ubb38\uc81c\ub294 \uc774\ub7ec\ud55c \ubd88\ubc95 \ud589\uc704\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uae30\uc874 \ubc95\uc870\ucc28 \uc9d1\ud589\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc9c0\uae08 \uc774\uac83\uc774 \uc65c \uc911\uc694\ud55c\uac00\uc694? \ubd80\ud328\ud55c \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc815\uce58 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc758 \ub2e8\uce35\uc120\uc774 \ud3ed\ubc1c\ud588\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uce58\uc19f\ub294 \uc561\ud654 \uc11d\uc720 \uac00\uc2a4 \ube44\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \ucd09\ubc1c\ub41c \uc2dc\uc704\ub294 \uace7 \uc815\ubd80 \uc815\uad8c\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc804\uad6d\uc801\uc778 \uc6b4\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1c\uc804\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uac00 \uc9c1\uc811 \ubc1c\ud0c1\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc9c4 \ud1a0\uce74\uc608\ud504 \uc2e0\uc784 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 \ub300\uc751\uc740 \ucc98\uc74c\uc5d0\ub294 \uad6c \uc815\uad8c\uacfc \uac70\ub9ac\ub97c \ub450\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7f0 \ub2e4\uc74c \uadf8\ub294 \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\uc5d0 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc744 \uc694\uccad\ud588\uace0, \ub7ec\uc2dc\uc544\ub294 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \ud30c\uacac\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uce68\ub0b4 1\uc6d4 7\uc77c, \uadf8\ub294 \"\uacbd\uace0 \uc5c6\uc774 \uc0ac\uc0b4\ud558\ub77c\"\ub294 \uba85\ub839\uacfc \ud568\uaed8 \uc2dc\uc704\ub300\ub97c \ud5a5\ud574 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \ud22c\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub300\ubd80\ubd84 \ud3c9\ud654\ub85c\uc6b4 \uc2dc\ubbfc\uc774\uc5c8\ub358 \uc2dc\uc704\ub300\ub294 \uacbd\uace0 \uc0ac\uaca9 \ud55c \ubc88 \uc5c6\uc774 \ucd1d\uc5d0 \ub9de\uc544 \uc4f0\ub7ec\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc77c\ubd80 \uc804\ubb38\uac00\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc774 \ucda9\uaca9\uc801\uc774\uace0 \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc9c4\uc555\uc73c\ub85c \uc778\ud574 225\uba85\uc774 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud558\uace0 4,500\uba85\uc774 \ubd80\uc0c1\ub2f9\ud588\uc73c\uba70 10,000\uba85\uc774 \uccb4\ud3ec\ub418\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ub054\ucc0d\ud55c \uc778\uba85 \uc190\uc2e4\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub3c4 \ubc18\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc21c\uac04\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc77c\uc5b4\ub098\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uc77c\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc678\uad6d\uc778 \uc7ac\uc0b0 \uc18c\uc720\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ud22c\uba85\uc131 \ubd80\uc871, \ub290\uc2a8\ud55c \uaddc\uc81c \uccb4\uc81c, \ucde8\uc57d\ud55c \uc9d1\ud589 \uae30\uad00\uc740 \ubaa8\ub450 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uc744 \ubc29\uc870\ud558\uace0 \ubc29\uc870\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uae30\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\uc9c1 \ub2a6\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \ub9c8\uadf8\ub2c8\uce20\ud0a4 \uc81c\uc7ac\ub97c \ubcf4\uc644\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc0c8\ub85c\uc6b4 \ubc18\ubd80\ud328 \uc81c\uc7ac \uc81c\ub3c4\ub97c \ub9c8\ub828\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc678\uad6d\uc758 \ubd80\ud328 \ud589\uc704\uc790\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uace0, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc601\uad6d \uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \ub3d9\uacb0\ud558\uace0, \uc601\uad6d \uc785\uad6d\uc744 \ub9c9\uace0, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uae08\uc735 \ub610\ub294 \ubc95\uc801 \uc9c0\uc6d0\uc790\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc811\uadfc\uc744 \uc81c\ud55c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\uc7ac\ub294 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ub3c4\uad6c\uc774\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc7a5\uad00\ub2d8, \ubc18\ub4dc\uc2dc \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub807\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc8fc\uba38\ub2c8\ub97c \ucc44\uc6b0\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc870\uc9c1\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uad6d\ubbfc\uc744 \uac15\ud0c8\ud55c \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uacfc\ub450\uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uc7ac\ub97c \uac00\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ucd5c\uadfc\uc758 \ud3ed\ub825 \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub294 \uc57d\ud0c8\uc8fc\uc758\uc758 \uc9c4\uc815\ud55c \ub300\uac00\ub97c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc90d\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub294 \ubd84\uba85 \uc6b0\ub9ac \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ub824 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. <\/em>\uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c \ubd80\ud328\ub97c \uc870\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \ub9ce\uc740 \uc77c\uc744 \ud55c \uad00\ud560\uad8c\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \uc774\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud558\uace0 \ucc45\uc784\uc744 \ubb3c\uc5b4\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubc18\ubd80\ud328\uc640 \ucc45\uc784 \uc788\ub294 \uc138\uae08\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc815\ub2f9 \uadf8\ub8f9\uc740 \uc720\ub7fd\uacfc \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc785\ubc95\ubd80 \ub300\ud45c\ub4e4\uacfc \ud611\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud074\ub819\ud1a0\ud06c\ub77c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubc18\ub300\ud558\ub294 \uc758\ud68c \uac04 \uc5f0\ud569\uc744 \uacb0\uc131\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uad6d, \ubbf8\uad6d, EU \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ud074\ub819\ud1a0\ud06c\ub77c\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\uc7ac\ub97c \uac00\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc624\ub298 \uc800\ub294 \uc790\uc0b0 \uc555\ub958\uc640 \ub1cc\ubb3c \uc218\uc218\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \ud610\uc758\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc18\ubd80\ud328 \uc81c\uc7ac\ub97c \uc9c0\uc815\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ucde8\ud560 \uac83\uc744 \ucd09\uad6c\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2dc\uac04 \uad00\uacc4\uc0c1 \uc790\uc138\ud55c \ub0b4\uc6a9\uc740 \uc81c\ud55c\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc9c0\ub9cc \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\uac00 \ucda9\uaca9\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ud2f0\ubb34\ub974 \ucfe8\ub9ac\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4 \ub514\ub098\ub77c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ubc14(\ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \ub538), \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ub3d9\ub8cc\uc778 \uc544\ub974\ube48\ub4dc \ud2f0\ucfe0\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc99d\uac70\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ucfe8\ub9ac\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud574 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ubd80\ub97c \ucd95\uc801\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2020\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ud30c\uc774\ub0b8\uc15c \ud0c0\uc784\uc988<\/em> \uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \ucfe8\ub9ac\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub294 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \uad6d\uac00 \ud30c\uc774\ud504\ub77c\uc778 \uacc4\uc57d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ube7c\ub3cc\ub9ac\ub294 \ube44\ubc00 \uacc4\ud68d\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \ucde8\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubc1d\ud600\uc84c\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad00\ud560\uad8c\uc5d0\uc11c \uc790\uae08 \uc138\ud0c1 \ubc0f \ub1cc\ubb3c \uc218\uc0ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uc740 \uc801\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uac00\uce58\ub294 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. Forbes<\/em>\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc740 10\uc870 4\ucc9c 29\uc5b5 \uc6d0\uc774\uba70, \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \ucd5c\uc18c 6\ucc9c\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uc758 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub2e4\ub9ac\uac00 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ubc14\uc640 \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc18c\ubb38\ub09c \ub0a8\ud3b8 \uce74\uc774\ub78f \uc0e4\ub9bd\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub2e4\ub9ac\uac00\ub294 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \uc7a5\ub140\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \uc81c\uad6d\uc740 \ub2e4\uc74c\uacfc \uac19\uc774 \ucd94\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4. Forbes<\/em> 10\uc5b5 4\ucc9c 5\ubc31\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ubc14\uc758 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc740 \uc5c4\uccad\ub098\uac8c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc5ed\uc678 \ud68c\uc0ac, \uc7ac\ub2e8, \uc2e0\ud0c1 \uc2dc\uc2a4\ud15c\uc5d0 \uc228\uaca8\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ub7f0\ub358 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0 \uc911 \uc138 \ucc44\ub294 \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uba85\uc2dc\uba85\ub839\uc758 \ub300\uc0c1\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc18c\uc2a4 \uba38\ud2f0\ub9ac\uc5bc\uc758 \uc218\uc0ac\uad00\ub4e4\uc740 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ubc14\uac00 \uc601\uad6d \uace0\ub4f1\ubc95\uc6d0\uc744 \uc624\ub3c4\ud588\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc774 \uc788\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud55c\ud3b8, \uc0e4\ub9bd\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc740\ud589\uc778 Bank RBK\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud55c $334\ubc31\ub9cc \uc0ac\uae30\uc758 \uc218\ud61c\uc790 \uc911 \ud55c \uba85\uc778 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504 \uac00\ubb38\uc758 \uc740\ud589\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub2e4\ub9ac\uac00\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4\uc774\uc790 \uc804 \ud1b5\uce58\uc790\uc758 \uc190\uc790\uc778 \ub204\ub784\ub9ac \uc54c\ub9ac\uc608\ud504\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\ub9ac\uc608\ud504\ub294 21\uc138\uc5d0 \ud560\uc544\ubc84\uc9c0\uc758 \ub4a4\ub97c \uc774\uc5b4 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \ubbfc\uac04 \uc740\ud589\uc778 \ub204\ub974\ubc45\ud06c\uc758 \ubd80\uc758\uc7a5\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uba85\ub418\uc5c8\uace0, 22\uc138\uc5d0 \ud68c\uc7a5\uc5d0 \ucde8\uc784\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d \ubc95\uc6d0 \ubb38\uc11c\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74 \uc54c\ub9ac\uc608\ud504\ub294 2008\ub144 \uc740\ud589\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 1\uc5b5 4\ucc9c 5\ubc31\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec\ub97c \ub300\ucd9c\ubc1b\uc558\uace0, \uadf8 \ud6c4 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ucd94\uac00 \ub300\ucd9c\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub204\ub784\ub9ac\uc758 \ubcc0\ud638\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub530\ub974\uba74, \uadf8\ub294 \uc774 \uc790\uae08 \uc911 \uc77c\ubd80\ub97c \uc0ac\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \ube44\uc20d\uc2a4 \uc560\ube44\ub274\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 3,950\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uc9dc\ub9ac \uc8fc\ud0dd\uc744 \uad6c\uc785\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uce74\ub9bc \ub9c8\uc2dc\ubaa8\ud504\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \uce21\uadfc\uc778 \uc544\uc774\uad74 \ub204\ub9ac\uc608\ubc14\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub9c8\uc2dc\ubaa8\ud504\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \uc804 \ucd1d\ub9ac\ub85c, \uc601\uad6d \uc0c1\uc7a5 \uae30\uc5c5\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574 \ub1cc\ubb3c \uc218\uc218 \ud610\uc758\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub41c \ubc14 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. FT<\/em>. \uadf8\ub294 \ub610\ud55c 45\ub300\uc758 \ud5ec\ub9ac\ucf65\ud130 \uad6c\ub9e4\uc640 \uad00\ub828\ud558\uc5ec \uc5d0\uc5b4\ubc84\uc2a4\uc758 \ub1cc\ubb3c \uc218\uc218 \ud610\uc758\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \ubc14 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub204\ub9ac\uc608\ubc14\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc740\ud589\uac00\uc774\uc790 \ub9c8\uc2dc\ubaa8\ud504\uc758 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778\uc73c\ub85c \uc758\uc2ec\ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70, \ub9c8\uc2dc\ubaa8\ud504 \uc790\uc2e0\ub3c4 \uc2a4\uc6e8\ub374 \ud1b5\uc2e0\uc0ac Teli\uc640 \ucd1d 1\uc5b5 4\ucc9c 6\ubc31\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc5d0 \ub2ec\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uaddc\ubaa8 \ub1cc\ubb3c \uc2a4\uce94\ub4e4\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \uc778\ubb3c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ube14\ub77c\ub514\ubbf8\ub974 \uae40\uc740 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \ucd5c\uace0 \ubd80\ud638\ub85c \uc57d 1\uc870 4\ucc9c\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc758 \uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \ucd5c\ucd08\ub85c \ub7f0\ub358\uc99d\uad8c\uac70\ub798\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc7a5\ud55c \uce74\uc790\ud750\ub9c8\uc774\uc2a4\uc758 \ud68c\uc7a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc704\ud2b8\ub2c8\uc2a4 \ubcf4\uace0\uc11c\ub294 \uae40 \uc528\uac00 \ub300\ub9ac \uc18c\uc720\uc8fc \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud588\uc73c\uba70 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uac00 \uc2e4\uc81c\ub85c \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \uc9c0\ubc30\ud588\ub2e4\uace0 \uc8fc\uc7a5\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2017\ub144, \ub2f9\uc2dc 18\uc138\uc600\ub358 \uae40\uc758 \ub538 \uce74\ubc00\ub77c\ub294 \ub098\uc774\uce20\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0\uc5d0 1\uc5b5 4\ucc9c\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc(\uc57d 2\ucc9c\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec) \uc0c1\ub2f9\uc758 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 3\ucc44\ub97c \ub9e4\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \ub3d9\ub8cc\uc778 \uc5d0\ub450\uc544\ub974\ub4dc \uc624\uac00\uc774\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\ubbf8\uc2a4\uc758 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc18c\uc720\uc8fc\uc774\uba70(\uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc798\ubabb \ubc1c\uc74c\ud588\ub2e4\uba74 \uc8c4\uc1a1\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4), \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \ucd1d\ub9ac\uc5d0\uac8c \ub1cc\ubb3c\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud55c \ud610\uc758\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ucf00\ub124\uc2a4 \ub77c\ud0a4\uc170\ud504\ub294 \ucd5c\ub300 1\uc870 4,000\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc758 \uc790\uc0b0\uc744 \ubcf4\uc720\ud55c \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubbf8\uc2a4\ud130\ub9ac\ud55c \ubd80\ud638\ub85c, \uc815\uce58 \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\ub4e4\uacfc \uae34\ubc00\ud55c \uad00\uacc4\ub97c \ub9fa\uace0 \uc788\uc73c\uba70 \ubbf8\uad6d\uc758 \uc81c\uc7ac\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uccb4\uccb8 \uacf5\ud654\uad6d \uc218\ubc18\uc758 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uce21\uadfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc0ac\uc6b0\uc544\ud2b8 \ubbfc\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub294 \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0 \ubc0f \uad11\ubb3c\uc790\uc6d0\ubd80 \uc7a5\uad00\uc774\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc7a5\uad00\uc9c1\uacfc \uba85\ubc31\ud55c \uc774\ud574 \uc0c1\ucda9\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\uacf5 \uacc4\uc57d\uc744 \uc218\uc8fc\ud55c 10\uc870 4\ucc9c\uc5b5 \uc6d0 \uaddc\ubaa8\uc758 \ubc84\ubba4\ub2e4 \uc18c\uc7ac \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \ubab0\ub798 \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub0b4\uc640 \uc544\ub4e4\uc740 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \ubd80\ub3d9\uc0b0\uc744 \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354 \ub9c8\uc26c\ucf00\ube44\uce58, \ud30c\ud1a0\ud06c \ucd08\ub514\uc608\ud504, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc0ac\ub9dd\ud55c \ud55c \uc9c1\uc6d0\uc740 \ub7f0\ub358 \uc99d\uad8c\uac70\ub798\uc18c\uc5d0 \uc0c1\uc7a5\ub41c \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uc18c\uc7ac \uad11\uc0b0 \ud68c\uc0ac \uc720\ub77c\uc2dc\uc548 \ucc9c\uc5f0\uc790\uc6d0\uacf5\uc0ac \uc18c\uc720\uc8fc\ub85c \uc720\uba85\ud55c '\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc624'\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2013\ub144, \uc2ec\uac01\ud55c \uc0ac\uae30 \uc0ac\ubb34\uc18c\ub294 \uc544\ud504\ub9ac\uce74 \uc815\uce58\uc778\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub1cc\ubb3c\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ud639\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc774 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubc94\uc8c4 \uc218\uc0ac\uc5d0 \ucc29\uc218\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubd88\ub78f \uc6b0\ud14c\ubb34\ub77c\ud1a0\ud504\ub294 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \uc804 \ube44\uc11c\uc2e4\uc7a5\uc774\uc5c8\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uad6d \uc678\uad50 \ucf00\uc774\ube14\uc740 \uc6b0\ud14c\ubb34\ub77c\ud1a0\ud504\uac00 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839\uc758 '\uac1c\uc778 \uc7ac\ubb34 \uad00\ub9ac\uc790'\uc600\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ud639\uc744 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ud588\uc73c\uba70, \uadf8\uc758 \uc6f9\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \uac1c\uc778 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc744 1\uc870 4\ucc9c\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\ub85c \ud3c9\uac00\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ubcfc\ub78f \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub294 \ub204\ub974\uc220\ud0c4 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \ub9e4\uc6b0 \ubd80\uc720\ud55c \ud615\uc81c\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. 2008\ub144\uc5d0\ub294 \ub9e8\ud574\ud2bc\uc758 \ucd08\ud638\ud654 \ud50c\ub77c\uc790 \ud638\ud154\uc5d0 2\ucc9c\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uc9dc\ub9ac \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8\ub97c \uad6c\uc785\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 1\uc6d4 \ud3ed\ub825 \uc0ac\ud0dc\ub97c \ucd09\ubc1c\ud55c \ubb34\uc7a5 \ub2e8\uccb4\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \ud610\uc758\ub97c \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uad6d\ubd80\ud380\ub4dc \ud68c\uc7a5\uc778 \uc544\ud750\uba54\ud2b8\uc794 \uc608\uc2dc\ubaa8\ud504\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \ub0a8\uc6a9\ud558\uc5ec \uc804 \uc0ac\uc704\uc778 \uac08\ub9bc\uc794 \uc608\uc138\ub178\ud504\uc5d0\uac8c \uc601\uad6d\ub839 \ubc84\uc9c4\uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \ube44\ubc00 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \ud2b9\uc218\uad00\uacc4\uc778 \ub300\ucd9c\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc5ec \uce74\uc988\ud3ec\uc2a4\ud398\uc774\ud2b8\ub77c\ub294 \uc601\uad6d \uae30\uc5c5\uc744 \uc778\uc218\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \uc758\ud639\uc744 \ubc1b\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc608\uc138\ub178\ud504\ub294 \ud604\uc7ac \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ucd5c\uace0 \uac11\ubd80 \uc911 \ud55c \uba85\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uce74\uc774\ub78f \ubcf4\ub780\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \ub538\uc740 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \uc190\uc790\uc640 \uacb0\ud63c\ud588\ub294\ub370, \uc774 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \uc9d1\uc548 \ub0b4\ub825\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ud22c\ub974\ud06c\uba54\ub2c8\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubd80\ud328\ud55c \uac00\uc2a4 \uc218\uc1a1\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub41c \uc545\uba85 \ub192\uc740 \uc9c1\ucc45\uc744 \ud3ec\ud568\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc9c1\ucc45\uc744 \ub9e1\uc558\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub294 \ubc84\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc544 \uc6cc\ud130\uc758 \uace0\uae09 \uac8c\uc774\ud2b8 \ucee4\ubba4\ub2c8\ud2f0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 2,540\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uc9dc\ub9ac \uc800\ud0dd, \uc6d0 \ud558\uc774\ub4dc \ud30c\ud06c\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 6,000\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uc9dc\ub9ac \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8, \ub098\uc774\ud2b8\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 1,500\ub9cc \ud30c\uc6b4\ub4dc\uac00 \ub118\ub294 \uace0\uae09 \uc544\ud30c\ud2b8 3\ucc44\ub97c \uc18c\uc720\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354 \ud074\ub808\ubc14\ub178\ud504\uc640 \uadf8\uc758 \uc544\ub4e4 \uc57c\ucf54\ud504\uac00 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc54c\ub809\uc0b0\ub354\ub294 \ucd94\uc815 \uc7ac\uc0b0\uc774 1\uc870 4,374\uc5b5 \ub2ec\ub7ec\uc774\uba70 \uc911\uc559\uc544\uc2dc\uc544 \uc804\ub825\uacf5\uc0ac\uc758 \ud68c\uc7a5\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uc804 \ub300\ud1b5\ub839 \uac00\uc871\uc758 \uc7ac\uc815 \ub300\ub9ac\uc778 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \ud558\uba70, \ub2e4\ub9ac\uac00 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ubc14\uac00 \uc124\uba85\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \ubd80\uc758 \uc9c8\uc11c\ub97c \ud53c\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ub3c4\uc6b4 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \ucd94\uc815\ub429\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ub204\ub974\ub780 \ub2c8\uadf8\ub9c8\ud234\ub9b0, \ubc14\uc6b0\ub974\uc794 \ubc14\uc774\ubca1, \ub9c8\ub77c\ud2b8 \ubca0\ucf00\ud0c0\uc608\ud504\ub294 \uc9d1\uad8c\ub2f9\uc778 \ub204\ub974 \uc624\ud0c4 \ub2f9\uc758 \uace0\uc704 \uc778\uc0ac\ub85c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc640 \uac00\uae4c\uc6b4 \uce21\uadfc\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\ub4e4\uc740 \ubd80\uc815\ubd80\ud328\ub97c \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\uace0 \uc778\uad8c \uce68\ud574\uc5d0 \ucc45\uc784\uc774 \uc788\ub294 \uac83\uc73c\ub85c \uc54c\ub824\uc838 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc601\uad6d \uace0\ub4f1\ubc95\uc6d0\uc740 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \ub9c9\ub0b4\ub538\uc778 \uc54c\ub9ac\uc57c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ubc14\uac00 BVI\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud55c \ubcf5\uc7a1\ud55c \uc5ed\uc678 \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 1\uc5b5 4\ucc9c\ub9cc \ub2ec\ub7ec \uc774\uc0c1\uc744 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uad6d\uc678\ub85c \ube7c\ub3cc\ub838\ub294\uc9c0 \uc9d1\uc911 \uc870\uba85\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc544\uc774\ub2e8 \uce74\ub9ac\ube0c\uc790\ub178\ud504\ub294 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4 \uad6d\uc601 \ud1b5\uc2e0 \ud68c\uc0ac\ub97c \ub9e4\uac01\ud558\uc5ec \uc740\ud589\uac00\ub85c\uc11c\uc758 \uc9c0\uc704\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc774\uc775\uc744 \ucde8\ud588\ub2e4\ub294 \ud610\uc758\ub85c \uc804 \ubd80\uc778\uc73c\ub85c\ubd80\ud130 \uace0\ubc1c\ub2f9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\uacf5\uacf5 \uc790\uc0b0\uc758 \ubbfc\uc601\ud654\ub294 \uad6d\uac00\ub97c \ud76c\uc0dd\uc2dc\ud0a4\uba74\uc11c \uc815\uce58\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \uc5f0\uacb0\ub41c \ub0b4\ubd80\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \uc774\uc775\uc744 \uac00\uc838\ub2e4\uc8fc\ub294 \uac83\".<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uce74\uc774\ub78f \uc0ac\ud2f0\ubc1c\ub514\uc640 \uc0ac\ub9c8\ud2b8 \uc544\ube44\uc26c\ub294 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\uc758 \uc870\uce74\ub4e4\ub85c, \uc5ed\uc678 \uad6c\uc870\ubb3c\uc744 \ud1b5\ud574 \ub9c9\ub300\ud55c \ubd80\ub97c \ub204\ub9ac\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub450 \uc0ac\ub78c \ubaa8\ub450 \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504 \uce21\uadfc\uc758 \ud575\uc2ec \uc778\ubb3c\ub85c, \ud604\uc7ac \ud3c9\ud654\uc640 \uc548\ubcf4\ub97c \uc57d\ud654\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc788\ub294 \uad8c\ub825 \ud22c\uc7c1\uc5d0 \uc5f0\ub8e8\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc800\ub294 \uadf8 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\ub984\uc744 \uc9c0\ubaa9\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774 \ubd80\ud328\ud55c \uc5d8\ub9ac\ud2b8\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc81c\uc7ac\uac00 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc545\uc2b5\uc744 \ubfcc\ub9ac \ubf51\uac70\ub098 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \uae09\uc9c4\uc801\uc778 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801 \ubcc0\ud654\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc9c0\uc9c0\ub294 \uc54a\uaca0\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub3c8\uacfc \ubd80\ud328\uc640 \uc2f8\uc6b0\uaca0\ub2e4\uace0 \ud55c \ub9d0\uc774 \uc9c4\uc2ec\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ud589\ub3d9\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294 \ub300\uac00\ub294 \ub192\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc601\uad6d\uc740 \uc774\ubbf8 \ub7f0\ub358\uacfc \uae08\uc735 \uc11c\ube44\uc2a4 \ubd80\ubb38\uc758 \uba85\uc131\uc5d0 \ud760\uc9d1\uc774 \ub0ac\uace0, \uc601\uad6d\uc740 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub3c8\uc758 \uad00\ud560\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c \uc5ec\uaca8\uc9c0\uace0 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc2e0\uc18d\ud55c \uc870\uce58\ub97c \ud1b5\ud574 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ud6cc\ub96d\ud55c \uae00\ub85c\ubc8c \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uc0dd\uac01\uc744 \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \ub3d9\ub9f9\uad6d\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \ub3c4\ub451\uc774\ub098 \uacfc\ub450 \uc815\uce58\uc778\uc5d0\uac8c \uc548\uc804\ud55c \ud53c\ub09c\ucc98\ub97c \uc81c\uacf5\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc784\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\uc800\ub294 \uc7a5\uad00\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uac00 \uc9c0\ubaa9\ud55c \uac1c\uc778\ub4e4\uc744 \uace0\ub824\ud558\uace0, \uc790\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \ud6d4\uce5c \ub3c8\uc744 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0\uc11c \uc138\ud0c1\ud558\uace0, \ubd80\ub2f9\uc774\ub4dd\uc744 \uc228\uae30\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc601\uad6d \uad6c\uc870\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud558\uace0, \ud669\uae08 \ube44\uc790 \uacbd\ub85c\ub97c \uc774\uc6a9\ud574 \uc601\uad6d\uc5d0 \uc785\uad6d\ud558\uac70\ub098 \uc778\uad8c \uce68\ud574\ub97c \uc800\uc9c0\ub978 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\uc5d0\uac8c \uc81c\uc7ac\ub97c \ubd80\uacfc\ud560 \uac83\uc778\uc9c0 \ubb3b\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc774\uc81c \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \ub098\uc124\uae4c\uc694? \ud22c\uba85\uc131\uc744 \uac15\ud654\ud558\uace0, \ub354 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uaddc\uc81c\ub97c \uc785\ubc95\ud654\ud558\uace0, \uc77c\uad00\ub418\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \uc9d1\ud589\uc744 \ubcf4\uc7a5\ud574\uc57c\ub9cc \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uae30\uc900\uc744 \uc900\uc218\ud558\ub294 \uc2e0\ub8b0\ubc1b\ub294 \uad00\ud560\uad8c\uc73c\ub85c\uc11c \ub2e4\uc2dc \uace0\uac1c\ub97c \ub4e4 \uc218 \uc788\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc5ed\ub300 \uc815\ubd80\uc758 \ub530\ub73b\ud55c \ub9d0\ub4e4\uc774 \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c \uacbd\uc81c \ubc94\uc8c4 \ubc95\uc548\uc758 \ud655\uace0\ud55c \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \uc774\uc5b4\uc838\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc7a5\uad00\uaed8\uc11c\ub294 \uc774 \ubc95\uc548\uc774 \uc62c\ud574 \uc548\uc5d0 \uc2ec\uc758\ub420 \uac83\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \ud655\uc5b8\ud558\uc2dc\uaca0\uc2b5\ub2c8\uae4c? \uc815\ubd80\uac00 \uc774 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \uc804\uc120\uc5d0\uc11c \ub610\ub2e4\uc2dc \uc2e4\ud328\ud55c\ub2e4\uba74, \uae30\ubed0\ud560 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \uc808\ub3c4\ubc94\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4\ubfd0\uc774\uba70, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \uc740\ud589\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc6c3\uc744 \uac83\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\ucd9c\ucc98: https:\/\/hansard.parliament.uk\/commons\/2022-02-03\/debates\/41000B02-86AB-499E-8547-0F5AA84611B0\/KazakhstanAnti-CorruptionSanctions<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

I thank Mr Speaker for granting this debate and the Minister for joining us. I also thank a host of civil society experts who have helped me\u2014too many to name\u2014but I give special thanks to Professor John Heathershaw of Exeter University, Adam Hug of the Foreign Policy Centre and Sue Hawley of Spotlight on Corruption.<\/p>\n

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\uc624\ub298 \uc81c\uac00 \ub2e4\ub978 \uad6d\uac00\uc758 \ud574\uc678 \ubd80\ud328\ub97c \uc870\uba85\ud558\uace0\uc790 \ud558\ub294 \uc774\uc720\ub294 \ub2e8\uc21c\ud788 \uadf8 \uc790\uccb4\ub85c \uc911\uc694\ud558\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc774 \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \ubd80\ub044\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc798\ubabb\uc744 \uc870\uc7a5\ud558\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc5ed\ud560\uc744 \uac15\uc870\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uae30 \ub54c\ubb38\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uac04\ub2e8\ud788 \ub9d0\ud574, \uc601\uad6d\uc740 \ub3c4\ub451\uc9c8\uc744 \uac00\ub2a5\ud558\uac8c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uc81c\uac00 \uc815\ubd80\uc5d0 \uc694\uccad\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc740 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4. \uccab\uc9f8, \uce74\uc790\ud750\uc2a4\ud0c4\uc758 \ubd80\uc815\ud589\uc704\uc790\ub4e4\uc744 \uc81c\uc7ac\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc801\uadf9\uc801\uc73c\ub85c \ud589\ub3d9\ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub458\uc9f8, \ub2e4\uc74c \ud68c\uae30\uc5d0 \uacbd\uc81c \ubc94\uc8c4 \ubc95\uc548\uc744 \uc0c1\uc815\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uc57d\uc18d\ud55c \ub9cc\ud07c, \ubc95\uc548\uc758 \uc870\ud56d\uc774 \ubaa9\uc801\uc5d0 \ubd80\ud569\ud558\uace0 \uac15\ub825\ud558\uba70 \ud6a8\uacfc\uc801\uc774\uace0 \uc801\uc808\ud55c\uc9c0 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uc5ec \uc601\uad6d\uc774 \ub354\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ub3c8\uc758 \uc7ac\uc559\uacfc \uc2f8\uc6b0\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc9c4\uc9c0\ud558\uac8c \ub178\ub825\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \ud589\ub3d9\uc73c\ub85c \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc904 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud574\uc57c \ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4.<\/p>\n

It is 30 years since Kazakhstan, a multi-ethnic, resource-rich central Asian state, emerged from the disintegration of the Soviet Union. In those years, Kazakhstan has, by some indicators, been a success. Its GDP growth has outstripped that of many of its neighbours, including Russia. Living standards are higher and until the 2010s Kazakhstan appeared to enjoy political stability. <\/p>\n

But there is another side to the Kazakhstan story. The country is ruled by a kleptocratic elite that has grown rich off the back of money stolen from its people. Until 2019, its autocratic dictator was Nursultan Nazarbayev. In Kazakhstan, just 162 people own 55% of the wealth\u2014mostly members of Nazarbayev\u2019s family or close associates. The country has a poor human rights record and little media freedom. <\/p>\n

2006\ub144 \ucd08, \ud074\ub9b0\ud134 \ud589\uc815\ubd80\uc758 \uc804 \uad6d\uc81c\ubc95 \uc9d1\ud589 \ub2f4\ub2f9 \uad6d\ubb34\ubd80 \ucc28\uad00\ubcf4 \uc870\ub098\ub2e8 \uc704\ub108\ub294 \uc774\ub807\uac8c \ub9d0\ud588\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4:<\/p>\n

\"\uc790\uc720 \uc138\uacc4\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc790\ub974\ubc14\uc608\ud504\ub9cc\ud07c \uc545\uba85 \ub192\uc740 \uc9c0\ub3c4\uc790\ub294 \uc0dd\uac01\ub098\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4... \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uadf8\uc758 \ubd80\ud328\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc801\uc5b4\ub3c4 15\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc54c\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4\". <\/p>\n

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